Three historic markers located off exit 100 of I-15 in Southern Utah:

• John Christopher Armstrong
• The Old Spanish Trail
• Southern Utah Expedition of 1849 – Winter Trail in Fremont Canyon

John Christopher Armstrong

1813 –

This monument is a memorial to the dedication and perseverance of John C. Armstrong and to all the brave men, see reverse side, who explored this area under the direction of Parley P. Pratt since a burial spot is not known this will serve as a burial monument for him.  He arrived in the Salt Lake Valley Sept. 1847 and settled his family in a mud dugout.  As a skilled tailor he applied his trade for many including Brigham Young.  He played in Captain Ballou’s Brass Band and accepted the call to join Pratt’s exploration party as bugler and explorer.  Later he was called to defend Fort Bridger against Indians on the war path.  He carved his name on a sandstone cliff east from this marker up Fremont Canyon on December 21, 1849.  The carving, as depicted on this monument is still plainly visible on the rock in the canyon.  His journal tells of the sacrifice, hardships and near tragedy endured by these explorers.

“Sunday, 9th, This night one of the coldest… both feet froze.”

“Thursday 13th, I walked as well as I could blew the trumpet for prayers… rubbed my limbs all the time trembling with cold my teeth chattering in my head.  Truly I thought about home and a good bed.”

 “Friday 21st… We have fought with the storm and the tempest and it must have been through the divine interposition of God, who led Nephi of old that we were brouhgt over these mountains.  To look at them it would be said that no white man could do it or be rash enough to undertake it…  The Mormons are the boys for such expeditions they fear neither kanyon, mountain, snow storm, gully or river because they know that they are led by The Mighty God of Jacob.”

– Reverse side of marker –

Parley P. Pratt received a commission from Brigham Young the governor of the State of Deseret to raise fifty men with the necessary teams and outfit on an exploring tour to the southward.

First Ten

Isaac C. Haight, Captain.  Parley P. Pratt, President. William Wadsworth, Hial K. Gay, Rufus Allen, Chauncey West, Dan Jones, George B. Mabson, Samuel Gould, Wm. P. Vance.

Second Ten

Joseph Matthews, Captain.   John Brown, Nathan Tanner, Sterling G. Driggs, Homer Duncan, Wm. Matthews, Schuyler Jennings, John H. Bankhead, John D. Holiday, Robert M. Smith.

Third Ten

Joseph Horn, Captain.  David Fulmer, Counselor.  Wm. Brown, George Nebiker, Benjamin F. Stewart, Alexander Wright, Alexander Lemon, Seth B. Tanner, Henry Heath, James Farrer.

Fourth Ten

Ephraim Green, Captain. Wm. W. Phelps, Counselor.   Robert Campbell, Clerk. Charles Hopkins, Sidney Willis, Andrew Blodgett, Wm. Henry, Peter Dustin, Thomas Ricks, Isaac H. Brown.

Fifth Ten

Josiah Arnold, Captain.  Jonathan Packer, Christopher Williams, Stephen Taylor, Isaac B. Hatch, John C. Armstrong, Dimick B. Huntington.

Manti Group

Madison Hambleton, Gardner G. Potter, John Lowry, Jr., Edward Everett, Sylvester Hewlitt.

Three historic markers located off exit 100 of I-15 in Southern Utah:

• John Christopher Armstrong
• The Old Spanish Trail
• Southern Utah Expedition of 1849 – Winter Trail in Fremont Canyon

The Old Spanish Trail

Traders, trappers and adventurers carved out the route known as the Old Spanish Trail.  New Mexican traders on their way to California in the early 1800’s left behind many Spanish place names.

The 49’ers traveled here during the gold rush into California.  One of the companies, lead by Jefferson Hunt traveled from Salt Lake City arriving here on October 27, 1849.  Impatient and quarrelsome the company broke up near Enterprise, Utah.  Some followed the Old Spanish Trail to California other drove southwesterly through remote desert regions and gave Death Valley its name.

John C. Fremont, an Army Topographer and explorer also came this way with a party in 1853-54 seeking a railroad route.  The party almost perished before Fremont got provisions from Parowan, Utah.  Fremont Canyon to the east bears his name.

Three historic markers located off exit 100 of I-15 in Southern Utah:

• John Christopher Armstrong
• The Old Spanish Trail
• Southern Utah Expedition of 1849 – Winter Trail in Fremont Canyon

Southern Utah Expedition of 1849

Realizing the limited resources for pioneer settlement in the Salt Lake Valley and surrounding settlements in 1849, and the potential of many more immigrants arriving in the next few years, Brigham Young began to search out possible new settlements.  Based on reports of Jefferson Hunt, who had traveled through southern Utah in 1847 and 1848, one of the regions which seemed promising was the valleys along the Spanish Trail in southern Utah Territory.  The November legislature authorized the establishment of the Southern Expedition to investigate such possibilities.  The exploring party, which eventually consisted of fifty-five men, was led by Mormon Apostle Parley P. Pratt.  This expedition and its subsequent report helped influence the creation of dozens of new communities in southern Utah.  Among the first were the settlements of Parowan and Cedar City in 1851, in what would become Iron County. This is one of the four monuments which tell the story of this historic expedition.  They are located at Iron Springs, Parowan Gap, Parowan, and Fremont Canyon.

Winter Trail in Fremont Canyon

Hazardous terrain and harsh winter conditions made early exploration of this area difficult.  The Southern Utah Expedition led by Parley P. Pratt began facing ominous conditions on December 15, 1849, about ten miles south of present day Circleville, Utah.  They hacked a road through snow up to two feet deep and over the mountains to the east in terrain surrounded by 9000-foot peaks and deep canyons.  John Brown, a member of the expedition recorded:

“It was a great undertaking and a very hazardous one to cross so large a mountain at this season of the year.  There was danger of being snowed under.” 

At one of the camps in the canyon, John C. Armstrong and other members of the expedition carved their names in the cliffs where they remain to this day.

On December 23, the group found the wagon tracks of the Jefferson Hunt Party, who passed through this valley in late October on their way to California.  Hunt’s party split up later and one group went on to become the infamous Death Valley Forty-niners.  The Pratt expedition explored the area south of this site for two weeks and passed this spot again on their way back to Salt Lake City to report the results of their findings.  The canyon east of this site was named “Summer’s Gate” by the Pratt expedition because of the mild snow conditions they encountered.

However, the canyon and the wash which heads south of this site bears the name of Fremont after the explorer, John C. Fremont.  The citizens of Parowan rescued the Fremont party who came though this same canyon under similar conditions in February 1854.