John S. Park Historic District
01 Wednesday Oct 2025
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01 Wednesday Oct 2025
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27 Sunday Oct 2024
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Floyd Lamb State Park / Tule Springs Ranch
The subject project is an architectural/historic assessment and evalution of the architectural resources of the Floyd Lamb State Park. The Division of State Parks of the State of Nevada currently plans to develop the Park into a facility providing for greater intensity of public use, offering a variety of recreational activities. The report will also provide an assessment of the effects of the proposed park development upon existing resources.
The Park served as a city park for the City of Las Vegas from 1964 to 1971, as a private commercial entity from 1959 to 1964, and as a working ranch/guest ranch from 1941 to 1959, during which period most of the existing structures were built. The property possesses some historical values due to its uses during these periods as well as prior eras, and some architectural values due to the construction, planning, and design of the ranch complex.
The purpose of this report is to assess the architectural/historical significance of the park and its structures in order to provide a basis for the development of appropriate plans for new facilities and modifications of existing park structures or facilities,
Tule Springs Ranch was added to the National Register of Historic Places (#81000383) on September 23, 1981. It is now the site of Floyd Lamb Park in Las Vegas, Nevada.
The history of Tule Springs prior to its first permanent settlement includes its use by Indian tribes, early settlers, prospectors, and a transport company. Historic discussion will focus primarily on ownership eras that may involve the addition of structures to the property.
Ownership: (from first permanent settlement of site):
Tule Springs’ history apparently began as an occasional early watering place for Indians traveling back and forth between the desert and the mountains in pursuit of seasonal food sources. Although they utilized the spring at Tule it apparently was not as favored a location for their uses as spring at either Las Vegas or the Redrock area.
Tule Spring may next have been used by Mormons as a camping place on their way to obtain timber from the northeast for construction purposes, having €stablishe3 a settlement in the Las Vegas valley in 1855.
In the late 1860’s, a reconnaissance trip through the area by Lt. George Wheeler of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers noted that Tule Springs was one of the stops on a road traveled by prospectors from Elko Nevada to Prescott, Arizona. Tule Springs was described as having good water but no wood or grazing.
In 1876 a man named Kiel built a sawmill near Las Vegas and an 1886 map shows a road leading to the sawmill past Tule Springs. Although there was some local traffic in the late 19th century and a few prospectors, the majority of travel in the area occurred on other roads that did not pass by Tule Springs.
By 1904, the imminent coming of the railroad assisted by mining discoveries in the Bullfrong region, provided a remarkable sudden population growth for Las Vegas. Tule Springs became a watering place on the Bullfrog stage route. A photograph, report, and a radio broadcast prepared by Charles P. Squires asserts that an establishment did exist at Tule by 1905, and was located just east of the main spring at Tule (possibly near the present swimming pool). The establishment appears to have been named the U.S. Hotel and was operated by a man known simply as Levandowski.
Squires discussed the freight road that passed by Tule at that time, where two or three freight outfits might be stopping at once with from 40 to 80 head of horses and mules in various corrals clustered about the Springs. An automobile stage line running past Tule from Las Vegas to the Bullfrog mine was also operating at that ‘time but ceased the following year when it was determined to replace it with a railroad line.
It is not known whether anyone lived at the Springs during the next 8-10 years or whether any structures existed on the property at that time.
The next individual known to have settled at the Springs was a Mormon, Bert Nay, who filed on the water rights in 1916. Nay’s application states that the property had never had any development work done on it. Apparently the U.S. Hotel, if it existed, had disappeared by then. The Nay family may only have spent summers at Tule Springs, living in tent houses and camping out of a wagon when following the stock.
The Ritenour report states that the smali adobe building (Building #13, Vhay & Ferrari Building Inventory) was probably built by Nay between 1914 and 1918, as a blacksmith shop and storage facility. Nay would have needed such a facility there on the ranch readily accessible for the care of stock.
However, according to the Nevadan, March 13, 1977 article, “The Nays return to Tule Springs”, Bert and Anne Nay actually lived in the old adobe building still standing at Tule Springs. The Georgia Lewis article states that “Indians or early traders built the adobe as a shelter and Bert added a roof, doors and windows. The adobe bricks came from large clay beds, later diked by Prosper Goumond in the 1940’s to form a lake.”
Nay also built a dam reservoir and apparently a small frame house near the Springs that apparently burned in the 1930’s.
Apparently the next owner of the property, Gilbert Hefner, was not responsible for the addition of any structures of the area. At this writing, after further conversation with Ms. Ritenour, the existence of a bootlegging operation on the ranch during Hefner’s ownership appears questionable. The Hefners did not develop the property further and it lay vacant until purchased in 1941 by the individual who sold it the same year to Prosper Goumond.
History: Goumond Era
By far the major portion of the Tule Spring Ranch, Floyd Lamb State Park complex was planned, developed and built by Prosper Goumond after his acquisition of the property in 1941. Goumond acquired the Tule Springs property on the day Pearl Harbor was attacked in 1941, and gradually added surrounding land until his total ownership involved 880 acres. Only two structures apparently remained on the property when Goumond purchased it, the adobe hut, and a deteriorated wooden structure, located at the end of the original entry between the Concessions Building and the Foreman’s House. He removed it when he began to develop the property.
The first structure built on the ranch by Goumond was the so-called Cook House, later known as the Club House. The structure ultimately experienced. several alterations but was originally built with 2 bedrooms, a fireplace, a living room and a kitchen. Its first addition was a large dining room to the east for ranch cowboys. This addition later became the kitchen, and a large guest dining room and bar were added to the southern part of the building. The bar had a decorative fireplace and yellow upholstery with a studded brass rail design, executed by Goumond’s grandaughter. This structure burned and was removed during the city’s ownership. A contemporary concession building, #15 of the Vhay/Ferrari Inventory, stands approximately at the former location of the Cook House.
The Cook House served as lodging while the other portions of the ranch were under construction. The next principal structure to be built was the Ranch House which became the residence of Goumound’s daughter, Pat Goumond De Vaney, Cliff De Vaney, and Pat’s daughter, Margo. (Prosper Goumond did not reside at the ranch, but lived in town.)
The original entrance road ran between Buildings #15 and #16, the Cook House and the Ranch House. The traditional square-framed “ranch” entry with gate and hanging signs marked the entrance to the ranch. The road that now extended east and west bet wen the stable row and the Hay Barn, and parallel to them, did not exist at that time.
The construction of the other ranch buildings took place on through the 1940’s. The initially rural residence rapidly evolved into a working ranch complex. At its height of operation, Goumond’s Tule Spring complex encompassed a considerable variety of ranch activities.
Goumond bred and raised a particular crossbreed of cattle termed “Brangus”, involving the mating of an Angus Bull and Brahma Heifer. Cattle were butchered on the ranch and hung in large walk-in butcher’s refrigerator. A concrete-walled enclosure in back of the Dairy Building, #6 in the Vhay/Ferrari Inventory, was fitted with a cement slab, built-in trough and a large wood framework with pulley for slaughter purposes. A network of corrals engulfed the area by the stable buildings.
The ranch also kept pigs. The hog house or pig pens and enclosures were located in Building #10 on the Vhay/Ferrari Inventory. Pigs were also slaughtered in the enclosure by the Dairy Building. The room at the west end of this structure held a butcher block table, stainless steel sinks, and various pieces of dairy machinery.
The ranch maintained a small dairy herd as well. Building #6, the Dairy Building, still contains the ramped concrete stanchions that held cows for milking by machine. A complex arrangement of pipe created stalls on a 3 1/2 foot tall concrete platform and held cows for milking by electric machine. (The process and its machinery were not always completely effective. The efficient modern procedure provided a display of intent sometimes followed by the actual milking of the cows down behind the barn.)
Hay and alfalfa for ranch livestock were stored in the large hay barn by the lake. The ranch cultivated and farmed alfalfa in acreage to the northeast of the lake and south east of the pool area thus providing fodder for its cattle.
Stock included horses, both working and ‘dude’, cattle, and dairy cows. Chickens were kept in Buildings #4 and #5, pigs in Building #10 and possibly Building #8, and turkeys were also raised on the ranch. Peacocks, and both domesticated and wild ducks and geese co-existed on the ranch. The water fowl populated both the pond spanned by the suspension bridge and the lake.
The lake itself was stocked by bass, crappie, and blue gill fish, and provided a setting for canoeing or boating. A boathouse, now gone, housed lake canoes and was fitted on the interior with a system for lifting them out of the water.
A swimming pool surrounded by a white picket fence stood near the suspension bridge and pond, also edged in white pickets. The pool was originally built as a reservoir. It was filled with sand to provide a children’s play area during the city’s ownership. A fenced horse pasture (for the better horses) lay below the pool to the east.
The original spring lies beneath the northeastern edge of the Duplex Building #19. A cistern still exists under its foundation. The gazebo sheltered a drinking foundation and a refrigerated unit containing ice.
A large wood water wheel spanned a small masonry lined channel that carried water from the Pump House. The Pump House, Building #18, stands over the first well drilled on the property by Goumond.
The Spring House, Building #26, was occupied by Margo Goumond, Prosper’s granddaughter. Other accommodations existed in the Cook House and Bunk House, but apparently were mainly occupied by employees of the ranch. Maid quarters were located in the water tower, which had apartments also in the rear addition and at the second floor level.
An orchard with a wide variety of fruit trees stood to the north of the Guest House, Building #17. A truck farm provided fresh produce for the ranch and its guests, Products of both were summer-canned and stored for year round ranch use in the root cellar.
Green laws stretched between picturesque green and white structures, pools and graceful willows, tall cottonwoods and fruit trees, creating a garden oasis that contrasted sharply with the dry surrounding land.
A large Fairbanks-Morse diesel engine served by diesel fuel stored in a large tank embedded in the earth next to the Generator Building, #24, provided power for the ranch until diesel fuel became too expensive, Goumond also built his own operating telephone and power lines.
Essentially, the ranch was planned and managed, to the greatest degree possible, as a self-sustaining unit, virtually in the middle of a desert.
An interesting adjunct to the basic ranch operation in the late forties and early fifties was its evolving additional function as a guest or “dude” ranch. While dude-ranching in the west has a history that extended back into the 19th century, a combination of legal changes in Nevada and changing societal attitudes towards marriage created a climate that rather suddenly popularized the state as a combination divorce and guest ranch destination for the entire country,
A notable factor in this phenomenon was the reduction of the residency requirement for divorce in Nevada to only six weeks, the shortest term of any state at that time. Accordingly, the guests that came to Tule Springs were predominately potential divorcees, often women from the east, wealthy, well educated, and “social”.
Some additional apartments were created in order to accommodate this function, notably Buildings #17 and #19. Guest capacity at the ranch could apparently range up to 10 or 12 persons depending on various factors. Additionally, the proprietor of guest/divorce facilities like Tule Springs played the important role of “witnessing” the continuity of residence of divorce-seeking guests, according to state law.
27 Sunday Oct 2024
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Floyd Lamb Park at Tule Springs
Floyd Lamb Park at Tule Springs is a park at the site of historic sites Tule Springs Ranch and Tule Springs Archeological Site. Also located there is the historic marker Tule Springs.
9200 Tule Springs Road in Las Vegas, Nevada
19 Saturday Oct 2024
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Clark County, Historic Districts, Las Vegas, Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District, NRHP
Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District
The Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places (#90002204) on January 30, 1991.
Properties previously listed on the National Register:
The Las Vegas valley is situated within the basin and range province of the southern portion of Nevada at an approximate elevation of 1950 feet above sea level. The region is characterized by sharp, rugged, north-to-south trending mountain ranges separated by wide alluvial-filled valleys and gently sloping alluvial aprons at the mountains’ bases.
A number of mountain ranges surround the valley. On the northern edge are the Las Vegas, Sheep, Desert, and Pintwater Mountains. On the west are the Spring Mountains. The southern boundary is formed by the River and McCullough Ranges and Frenchman’s and Sunrise Mountains.
Abundant natural springs have long made the site of the City of Las Vegas attractive to Indians, early explorers and other pioneers, to Mormons who established a short-lived fort in 1855, and to ranchers. The availability of water and its location halfway between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City motivated its official founding in May, 1905 as a town and as a division point on the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad. The railroad company established a subsidiary, the Las Vegas Land and Water Company, to lay out a townsite and to auction off the lots.
Located immediately to the south and west of the Las Vegas High School, the Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District primarily consists of approximately six full blocks and parts of another seven blocks of middle-class, pre-World War II housing. The Las Vegas High School, already listed on the National Register, occupies an oversized lot of its own, and defines the northeast corner of the district. The district is roughly bounded by E. Bridger Street to the north, the service alley in between Las Vegas Boulevard (also known as Fifth Street) and S. Sixth Street to the east, E. Gass Street to the south and the service alley between S. Ninth and S. Tenth Street to the west.
The district encompasses parts of two separate subdivisions – the Wardie and the South additions. The blocks of the Wardie addition (platted in 1914, but generally undeveloped until the late 1920s and then throughout the 1930s) are generally 300 feet by 400 feet while those of the South Addition (platted in 1926) are generally of the same dimensions. The lots of both additions are regularly divided and have a frontage of twenty-five feet and a depth of 140 feet. Most of the homes and buildings in the district occupy at least two or three lots and oftentimes more. The streets of both the Wardie and South Additions, like those of all the early developments in Las Vegas, parallel the railroad tracks. This pattern emphasized the town’s early dependence upon and orientation toward the railroad.
The majority of homes are uniformly setback from the street, an important unifying feature. Most have detached garages situated towards the rear of the lots and adjacent to the service alleys running up the center of each of the district’s blocks. The use of service alleys is one of the more important distinguishing factors that this Pre-World War II neighborhood retains. Much of the rest of the city today consists of a “super-grid” covering nearly 100 square miles of east-west and north-south streets at approximately one mile intervals. This immense and repeatable super-grid has been laid over the much smaller and more self-contained pre-existing city of Las Vegas, of which the Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District is a part.
Architectural Character
The Las Vegas High School Historic District is the oldest residential neighborhood within the city of Las Vegas which retains its architectural and historic integrity. The historic district consists primarily of single-family residential structures, the majority of which contribute to the district’s architectural and historic character. The district also includes several multiple-family dwellings, one large educational facility (the Las Vegas High School) and one religious structure (the Las Vegas First Ward Church of Latter-day Saints).
Most of the buildings within the district are modest middleclass, single-family dwelling units. Almost all are oriented to the numbered streets running north-south. A handful of homes face the named streets running east-west. Many of the district’s buildings depend upon a frame-and-stucco form of construction. Many utilize architectural elements and design features of a wide variety of period revival styles. These include the Pueblo Revival, Mission Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival styles; although most are restrained in their ornamentation and vernacular in their design. The district also includes a number of Moderne-styled residences. Examples of these architectural styles are not generally found in any other part of the city.
The district contains a number of consciously-designed structures. The following presents some biographical information about some of the city’s more important architects and construction professionals, some of whose work still survives within the proposed historic district.
Hampton Brothers
The four Hampton brothers (Robert, Roscoe, Henry and Elmer) were originally born and raised on a farm in Wray, Colorado. They moved to Kansas City at one point, but eventually gravitated to Southern Nevada in 1929 to work on the construction of Boulder Dam. They were all carpenters. They had learned their skills from living on a farm and from building homes nearby.
They remained in that employ for a little over two years before moving to the Las Vegas area and establishing themselves in their own construction firm. Each of the four brothers were equal partners in the firm. Their first contract in Las Vegas was to put in a basement for Jim Cashman Sr. in 1932.
Las Vegas was growing in the 1930s, unlike most of the country, because of the Depression. Robert Hampton, Jr. , the son of one of the brothers, feels that Las Vegas basically escaped the Depression because of construction of the Dam and the economic benefits it brought for Las Vegas and the region.
Robert Hampton Sr. lived outside of town (approximately N. 25th and Stewart) where he owned five acres of land. Robert Jr. says his father lived there because he had a big family (five sisters) and needed the extra room. The other three brothers did not have the same family responsibilities as Robert and chose to live in town instead. Roscoe lived within the proposed historic district and the high school neighborhood at 607 South Seventh.
Henry Hampton lived at 808 South Third Avenue, just north of the proposed historic district.
Generally they did not draft their projects before building them and rarely worked on big projects that required an architect. At one point the Hampton Brothers employed as many as 100 carpenters. They specialized for the most part in building tailor-made houses. Robert Jr. says this was the era before they started building tract homes and that they would simply sketch a design in pencil and just go ahead and build it. Robert Jr. in a recent telephone interview compared the process to cabinetry work.
Occasionally the Hampton Brothers tried to build a house as quickly as possible, just for the challenge of it. Robert Jr. recalls how they actually raised an entire frame for a house in a single day (somewhat similar to a barn raising) . They often worked with the Carson boys, another construction firm originally from Colorado.
Robert Jr. vaguely recalls that the Hamptons worked with an architect by the name of Harvey Bradley (sp?), who occasionally came up from Southern California. They worked together for only a short time. Robert Jr. also recalls how the Hampton Brothers, would stay up at nights to do their “cost estimating.” He says that was in “the days without calculators and everything was done in pencil.”
Structures within the district built by the Hampton Brothers include the following:
Other buildings constructed by the Hamptons:
Ferris & Son
George Ferris ran an architectural firm in Reno, and often worked closely with Frederick J. DeLongchamps. George Ferris designed the Governor’s Mansion (1909) in Carson City and four Mission Revival schools in Reno – McKinley Park (1909), Mount Rose (1912), Mary S. Doten (?) and Orvis Ring (?).
The elder Ferris was soon joined by his son, Lehman, at which point the firm was renamed Ferris & Son. Lehman A. Ferris was born May 14, 1893, the son of George and Doris Ferris. His father, although never formally trained, established an architectural practice after moving to Nevada in 1908. By 1910, the elder Ferris was so inundated with work, that his son started to assist in writing specifications. In 1911, Lehman began his formal education when he entered the electrical engineering program at the University of Nevada in Reno. The lack of family finances cut Lehman’s education short and he never graduated.
After World War I. Lehman began full-time work for both his father and Frederick J. DeLongchamps as a specifications writer. Lehman supervised the construction of a grammar school in Elko, and the Humboldt County courthouse and the Humboldt hotel, both located in Winnemucca. The firm of Ferris and Son was formed soon thereafter. Perhaps their largest commission came in 1928 when they designed the Las Vegas High School, a part of the proposed historic district. Because of the economic conditions during the Depression, their firm was dissolved in 1932. George Ferris took a job as the State Architect for the Federal Housing Administration and Lehman continued to practice privately.
After working as an electrician, draughtsman, specifications writer, and superintendent of construction with various mining operations, Lehman Ferris began work for the State Highway Department. In 1935, a new Democratic administration under Governor Carvill took office and Lehman was pressured to resign. He then became Reno’s first building inspector. Working at home at night, it was then Lehman began to develop an architectural practice of his own.
In the mid-1940s, Lehman left his job with the city, revived his architectural practice full time and formed a partnership with Graham Erskine. Examples of structures designed by this firm include the Reno High School, Wooster High School, Hug High School, the Nevada State Legislative Building and Harold’s Club. Both Ferris and Erskine were instrumental in establishing a licensing board for architecture in Nevada in the 1940s. As a result, Lehman has Nevada Architectural License No. 1.
Structures built by Ferris & Son inside the historic district:
Las Vegas High School (1931)
Pacific System Homes. Inc.
On January 8, 1932, the Pacific Systems Home, Inc. announced in the Las Vegas Review-Journal the completion of the Blakey apartments at the corner of Sixth and Carson streets and that they were open for inspection by the public. The president of the corporation, W.P. Butte, mentioned that the Blakey apartments represented “the highest achievement of his organization in producing an edifice of this character.” dough’s office was in the Blakey Apartments at 201 South Sixth Street.
Butte addressed the issue of Las Vegas’s future prospects for growth and continued development.
Our activity in Las Vegas and vicinity, combined with the completion of this beautiful apartment home makes us feel more certain than ever of the development that will take place by reason of the construction of the Hoover Dam.
Two earlier examples of pre-cut homes survive within the historic district. They are attributed to the Pacific Ready Cut (also spelled Readicut) Company, Los Angeles, California. It seems probable that the two different names represented the same company at different stages in its existence, the change coming sometime late in 1931.
Pacific Systems Home, Inc., was established in Los Angeles c. 1908. Establishment of the company in Las Vegas can be traced back to 1929. Frank Lusson of 620 South First Street was the company’s authorized builder in Las Vegas from at least 1929- 1931. Lusson had been with the company for 17 years, indicating perhaps that he moved to Las Vegas rather recently, with most of his experience coming from his previous time in Los Angeles. A July, 1931 article in the Las Vegas Review-Journal mentions that seventeen projects utilizing the Pacific Readicut system were presently underway.
A sizeable number of plans and designs were available to the prospective homeowner. One newspaper ad mentions that there were
… over 1800 Pacific System designs, from the mountain cabin to the modest bungalow or the palatial home. Also ‘Special Plan Studies’ of artistic exteriors, unique room arrangements and decorative treatments provided to the individual owner’s preference.
An earlier newspaper article indicates that the 24-acre plant facilities, located at 5800 South Boyle Avenue in Los Angeles, also included a number of fully-assembled models available for inspection on their “exhibition grounds.”
Once the home was ordered, the plant in Los Angeles would pre-cut all the necessary materials. The home would then be assembled on site by a local authorized builder. Newspaper articles and ads strongly emphasized the economy of scale and the company’s nearly almost 23 years of experience in building homes as selling points.
Pacific System Homes, Inc. outside of the historic district:
Pacific Ready Cut Homes, Inc. within the historic district:
Samuel J. Shaw
Samuel J. Shaw first moved to Las Vegas from Nephi, Utah as a child with his family in 1917. Sam Shaw Sr. was a rancher and purchased a home on Fifth Street in which he and his family lived. The elder Shaw also purchased another eighty acres eight miles south of town, presumably for ranching purposes.
The first known reference of Samuel J. Shaw’s life as a construction professional is dated January 1930. As early as 1928, the building crafts in the city sought to organize themselves and to form the Las Vegas Protective Building Trades Association, with Shaw as its first chairman. Their primary concern seems to have been the prevailing wages for each of the building professions. Later meetings were held in Shaw’s home at 521 South Sixth street; a house within the proposed historic that Shaw had built himself and has since been replaced with a 1949 structure. In March 1932 the organization adopted the name Contractors’ Association of Las Vegas and was “fashioned after the organizations of this type throughout other cities of the United States.”
One of Shaw’s largest commissions was the Ronnow Building on South First Street, a half-block south of Fremont Street. The two-story commercial structure was designed and built by Shaw, utilizing “22,000 hollow concrete tiles” manufactured by the Nevada Concrete Block company, a recently-organized Las Vegas firm.
The following August, Shaw was awarded the contract to build the Pico Apartments to be located at 431 South Third Street. Construction was financed and designed by Dr. Louis C. Pico.
The apartments consist of four separate structures, two on each side of a concrete walk with a grape arbor in the rear leading to the residences of the proprietor.
Spanish style, they are of frame stucco, immaculate white exteriors, the front structures connected with a graceful arch under which the walk passes.
Careful attention to details mark the construction work of Sam Shaw and his men, builders of the apartments.
Three feet of air space above the ceilings insures insulation against temperature extremes.
Structures built by Shaw outside the historic district:
Structures built by Shaw within the historic district:
Harrison Stocks
Stocks was married in the Los Angeles area to Louise (maiden name unknown) Stocks in 1907. They were separated in 1927, just previous to Harrison’s relocation to Las Vegas. The couple had two children; Grace born c. 1906 and Harrison born c. 1916.
One of the earliest known newspaper references to construction by Stocks is dated July 7, 1931. The article announces the Harry Garner House, a five-room residence costing $2,000, on the corner of Bridger and South Eighth Streets as a “New Model Home To Be Open For Public Inspection” and that the builder and designer, Harrison Stocks, will be there “to point out and explain fine points in construction and finishing of the home.”
The same article goes on to mention that the “Spanish and Moorish styles of architecture [were] combined for uhigue effect” and that “[t]he structure is distinctly [of] desert type construction, the round, built-in tower effect in the corner of the porch lending a decidedly Asiatic atmosphere, with the rustic gates and patio wall effect reminiscent of the Spanish.”
Stocks had just completed a residence for $2000 for Tom Peck, retired general passenger agent for the Union Pacific in Alhambra (near Los Angeles) where he had worked previously as a builder. Projects Stocks also had underway then included the home and a new residence for Dr. J.N. Van Meter in the Park Addition.
A May 1932 advertisement in the Review-Journal for the grand opening of Smith’s Root Beer Stand in Boulder City mentions that the structure had just recently been completed by Harrison Stocks, General Contractor. In June of the same year Stocks was awarded his first known contract for a commercial structure in Las Vegas by the partnership of Lowry and Kennedy, proprietors of the L & K Markets.
The new structure, which will represent an investment of $10,000, will be constructed on the Southeast corner of Second and Bridger streets.
The building itself will be 40 by 100, and will sit well back on the property, the entire remainder of the lot being given over to parking space for the convenience of the housewives patronizing the institution.
In February 1933, Stocks won a very prestigious contract for the building of the A.W. Ham house, located at the corner of Charleston Boulevard and Second street. At the same time, Stocks was at work constructing a home directly adjacent for District Attorney Harley A. Harmon and his wife. This might have been the first instance when Stocks built a structure designed by an architect, in this case by H. Clifford Nordstrom. Construction was projected to cost $15,000.
Being of Norman English style of architecture, that motif will be carried out in its entire construction, stucco, brick, slate and stone, with clapboard and beams, each playing its respective part in gaining the desired effect.
A unique nautical arrangement will be worked out in the boys’ bedroom, where, instead of beds, bunks will be erected, and portholes instead of windows, will bring in fresh air and sunshine. Ship lanterns and compass linoleum will be among the outstanding features. Shop pine will be used in finishing the room.
The construction of the well-appointed Harley Harmon house, also known as “The Pines,” was completed very soon after that of the A.W. Ham house, this time without the assistance of a professional architect. A March 1933 article describes the house in great detail as the “Most Modern In Entire State of Nevada.”
As one views the house from the outside he is charmed with the balance and beauty of the line in its English architecture and the harmony of coloring of brown trim on the soft, grey stucco and the soft blended colorings of the flagstone in the front and garage courts. Stone columns balance the front of the yard and the drive will be connected with English box hedge and two large pine trees will be placed on either side to dignify the front facade.
As one enters the beautiful stained English oak door with its massive hammered black iron hinges and hardware, he is announced with the soft, musical tones of Velvetone chimes and is delighted with the vista of the drawing room, a step down to the left, the wrought-iron and tile paved stairs in front, and a step down to the dining room at the right, both rooms secluded with silk tapestry, green and gold portiers. Back of the stairs is the guest lavatory and dressing room done in light yellow and orchid and at the right of the front door is a guest coat and golf club closet.
By July 1933 and the completion of the A.W. Ham House, Stocks was advertising himself as a “contracting architect.” Perhaps he felt that after finishing these two major commissions he had graduated from being simply a contractor to something more refined.
In August 1935, the city of Las Vegas appointed a board of building examiners and appeals. Their function was to arbitrate in any inspection disagreements in the building industry. Stocks was one of five prominent local builders that also include the architect, A. Lacy Worswick, the builder Samuel J. Shaw, Roscoe Hampton and Ryland Taylor, all of which, except for Taylor, are known to have designed and/or built properties within the proposed historic district.
In October 1935, Stocks won the commission to build a new service station for General Petroleum. The $12,000 station was to be erected on the southeast corner of Fifth and Carson Streets. Berkeley Bunker, a resident of the proposed historic district, was named as its owner and manager.
The station will be of all steel construction, colonial style, and will be constructed by the General Petroleum company. It will have six computing gasoline pumps, and will be equipped to render one stop service to all motorists.
The next major commission for Stocks, and perhaps the largest to date, came in October 1936, when he was awarded the $25,000 contract for building the Las Vegas Elks home at Third and Carson streets.
The building will occupy a space 62 by 102 feet, suitably placed in the 100 by 140 foot site owned by the lodge. It will be of concrete block construction facing Third Street.
A basement will be devoted to gymnasium features for the members. . . The main floor will accommodate spacious clubrooms and a lodge hall . . .
The building was designed by A.L. Worswick and promises to be one of the finest homes owned by the Elks in the State when completed.
By November 1939, Stocks had established the Stocks Mill and Supply Co. The Mr. and Mrs. James Powers’ house at 508 South Sixth Street (since demolished) was perhaps the first building designed and built by Stocks and his new company. A newspaper article describing the house concentrates on the structure’s interior detailing.
Cream colored cabinets gay with blue trim are set in the walls so that they are flush with the slightly dropped ceiling, thus forming one continuous line.
In the breakfast nook is a charming bay window, an effect which Mr. Stocks achieved in other rooms as well by graceful triangular steel windows. Set into the bay is a blue leatherette cushioned seat. The breakfast table is of alternating blue and red bands of linoleum spaced by rings of chromium. This table, made by Stocks Mill and Supply Co., is as smart and modern a piece as one could find.
Venetian blinds were used throughout the house and were furnished by the Stocks Mill and Supply Co.
Later that same month, Stocks was made the building construction superintendent of a low-cost housing tract to consist of 75 homes within four blocks of the Grand View Addition for the firm Nevada Contractors, Incorporated. This was the second such project of its type in the city. Stocks was put in charge of sales as well as construction.
According to a front-page newspaper article, each of the homes would have a different exterior appearance although they would all share a similar floor plan.
They will be placed on 53 by 140 foot lots, facing the street and connected with an alley in the rear. The houses will have two bed rooms, a large living room, a kitchen, a breakfast alcove, a bath, and an attached garage, and will sell from $3900 to $4000. Part of the internal fixtures of each home will feature hardwood floors, inlaid linoleum, large electric water heaters, and electric air heaters.
An interesting feature of the new homes is that all of the attached garages will be placed on the north sides of the buildings, permitting use to the best advantage of south exposures for cool breezes in summertime, and sunshine in the winter.
A later newspaper article indicates that this was a Federal Housing Authority funded project.
Structures designed and/or built by Stocks outside historic district:
Structures designed and/or built by Stocks inside historic district:
Warner & Nordstrom
Little is known about the architectural firm of Warner and Nordstrom. The firm consisted of Paul A. Warner and H. Clifford Nordstrom. The earliest known local newspaper references dated February 1929, concern Paul Warner’s design of the Egyptian Hotel.
In May 1932 the firm of Warner and Nordstrom undertook a $20,000 commission to design the headquarters for A.C. Grant, an auto dealership. The partnership was dissolved in February 1932. Nordstrom went on to design the addition to the Overland Hotel and A.W. Ham House on his own soon thereafter.
Structures designed by Warner & Nordstrom within the district:
Structures designed by Warner & Nordstrom outside the district:
Structures designed by Paul A. Warner outside the district:
Arthur Lacy Worswick
A. Lacy Worswick was perhaps the most important architect in Las Vegas during the booming growth period of the 1930s and 40s. His designs can still be seen throughout the city and include many of the city’s most significant structures. Worswick studied architecture at Kansas State University in the early 1900s. In 1904 he joined San Francisco’s Bureau of Architecture. After the destructive earthquake of 1906, Worswick won a number of commissions that established his reputation and skill as an architect. By 1910 he was placed in charge of reviewing the construction of the city’s schools. By 1912, Worswick became the chief of the Bureau, holding that position until 1929.
It was soon thereafter that Worswick moved to Las Vegas and reestablished a private architectural practice. His reasons for the move are unknown, but they might have been related to the economic conditions brought on by the Depression and the opportunity Worswick envisioned for Las Vegas based on the commitment the federal government was making to Southern Nevada in terms of constructing Hoover Dam.
One of his first designs in the area was the Stephen R. Whitehead House in 1929, to be followed by the Henderson House in the following year. In 1931, he designed the Las Vegas Hospital and the Apache Hotel at Second and Fremont, regarded by many at the time as the city’s plushest hotel. By 1936, Worswick was active enough to announce to the Las Vegas Age that he was drawing up plans for two or three new homes every week. In 1938, Worswick designed the Art Deco Lincoln County Courthouse in Pioche. Worswick was active up until at least 1947 when he designed the John S. Park School at Franklin and Tenth in Las Vegas.
Structures designed by Worswick within the district:
Structures designed by Worswick outside of the district:
A property-by-property description within the proposed historic district follows:
23 Saturday Dec 2023
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Las Vegas High School
The Las Vegas High School Administration Building and Gymnasium are two, architecturally significant buildings associated with development of public, secondary education in the City of Las Vegas. The buildings are the most sophisticated examples of the Art Deco style in the City and were designed by the Reno architectural firm of George A. Ferris and Son. The Academic and Gymnasium Buildings were erected in 1930-31 as part of a three building educational complex and reflects the growth and development of Las Vegas during the period of the Hoover Dam construction.
Located at 315 South 7th Street in Las Vegas, Nevada. Added to the National Historic Register (#86002293) on September 24, 1986 and the boundary was extended July 22, 2021 (#100006408) to include Frazier Hall. It is also inside the Las Vegas High School Neighborhood Historic District (#90002204). The text on this page is from the nomination form from when it was added to the register.
Related:



The development of Las Vegas can be traced to the 1905 construction of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad. By 1911 the SPLA and SL had established a characteristic western railroad town on the site to serve as a division point between Utah and California. Town development was confined to railroad related services until the late 1920 T s. The Congressional approval of the Boulder Canyon Act in 1928 spurred a period of intensive development for the community. This legislation provided funds for preliminary work on a dam for the Colorado River. The project, which resulted in the construction of nearby Hoover Dam, was responsible for a 125% population increase in Las Vegas between 1920 and 1930. From an isolated railroad service center, Las Vegas expanded to a modest city providing services to the dam project as well as the tourists attracted by its construction.
In recognition of Las Vegas’ increased population and the role of education facilities in attracting a stable, permanent population, the local school district lead by superintendent Maude Frazier proposed the construction of a high school complex. The proposed project met with limited community resistance based on project costs, the size of the proposed complex and its site, then two blocks from the center of town.


Despite this opposition, a $350,000 City bond issue was passed in 1930 for the construction of a three building high school complex encompassing a Shop Building (d.c.1950) and the existing Academic and Gymnasium Buildings. The complex was designed by architects George A. Ferris and Son and constructed by the Ryberg and Sorenson Construction Company of Salt Lake City. Work on the high school complex was begun in 1930 and completed by September of the following year.
The high School complex served as the focus for Las Vegas residential development for the next decade.
Since its construction in 1930-31, the high school complex has been expanded to incorporate seven educational buildings, tennis courts, basketball courts, a football stadium and track. The original Academic Building continues to serve as the campus’ primary structure.
The Las Vegas High School Academic Building and Gymnasium are architecturally significant as the only intact examples of monumental Art Deco design in Las Vegas. The structures are two of four major public buildings surviving from the period. The other intact public buildings from the period are the Federal Building/Post Office, a Neoclassical style structure and the Las Vegas Hospital, an adobe, Spanish-Colonial Revival style building.
The complex was designed by architect, George A. Ferris and Son, a prominent Reno architectural firm practicing in Nevada during the first half of the twentieth century. G. A. Ferris is listed in the Reno City Directory for 1912. By 1930-31 Ferris had entered into a partnership with his son, Lehman. The Las Vegas High School complex was a major commission for the Ferris firm whose work focused on commercial buildings in the Reno area. The buildings 1 ornamentation represent a unique integration of Art Deco and southwestern motifs. This integration was categorized as Aztec Moderne by the Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal at the time of the buildings’ construction.
In addition to being stylistically unique for the Las Vegas area, the Academic Building and the Gymnasium were the first monumental, reinforced concrete buildings to be constructed in the community.















Senior Squares






Las Vegas High School Neighborhood




22 Friday Dec 2023
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The Wengert Mansion
The Wengert Residence was originally owned by Cyril S. and Lottie Wengert. Built in 1938, this Tudor Revival home was designed by Architect, H. Clifford Nordstrom, and was amongst the largest in Las Vegas. Prominent in Las Vegas social and business circles, the Wengerts were pioneers in Las Vegas’ early development. Cyril S. Wengert was an incorporator of NV Energy, the state’s largest utility. He is also the namesake for NV Energy’s first building in downtown Las Vegas and for a Las Vegas elemental school. He and Lottie were integral to the development of many of Las Vegas’ civic organizations and the growth of the local Catholic community. Cyril and Lottie raised four children in this home: Shirley, Marilyn, Robert and Ward. Their son, James, died early-on at age 8. They remained in this home until they both passed some 30 years later. Cyril’s importance to both the business and civil life of Las Vegas was echoed by the Las Vegas Sun upon his death, “Cyril Wengert is considered one of the leading citizens of Las Vegas”.
Currently the building is used for: Zak Bagans’ The Haunted Museum
600 East Charleston Boulevard in Las Vegas, Nevada

















16 Saturday Dec 2023
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Helen Jane Wiser Stewart
April 16, 1854 – March 16, 1926
“The First Lady of Las Vegas”
“It will only be for two years,” Archibald promised his wife Helen in 1882, coaxing her away from civilized Pioche, Nevada to a ranch in the middle of the desert. Two years later, Helen buried Archibald after he lost his life in a gun fight at the nearby Kiel Ranch. Helen stepped out of her traditional role as wife, mother, and homemaker, to take over the “Los Vegas Rancho.” Helen never looked back. She expanded the ranch to nearly 2000 acres, and became one of the largest property owners in the Las Vegas valley. Helen sold 1835 acres of her property to the San Pedro, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake Railroad in 1902 for $55,000. She kept some land for herself and donated 10 acres to the local Paiute Tribe. Helen was indeed a woman of “Firsts” – first postmaster in the valley – first woman in Las Vegas to serve on a jury – first woman to serve on the Clark County school board. As a founding member of the local Christ Episcopal Church and the Mesquite Club, and a Red Cross activist, Helen shaped early Las Vegas into a vibrant community. Local leaders shut down the city of Las Vegas during Helen’s funeral in honor of her pioneering spirit.
Generous support for the statue in thanks to
Las Vegas Centennial Commission
Friends of the fort
Southern Nevada Women’s History Project
Nevada State Parks

Located at Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park at 500 E Washington Avenue in Las Vegas, Nevada


16 Saturday Dec 2023
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Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park
This state park is a museum with a lot to see.
A few of the things here include:



Located at 500 E Washington Avenue in Las Vegas, Nevada






























26 Sunday Nov 2023
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The Las Vegas Mormon Fort
A Midpoint Way Station on the Mormon Road
In April 1855, Brigham Young, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints, called thirty men to leave their families and possessions in the recently settled towns of Utah to serve a mission at the Las Vegas Springs. The verdant meadows watered by the springs had been seasonally inhabited by the Paiute Indians for centuries. The water and the meadows made Las Vegas an important stop on the Spanish Trail (called the Mormon Road after 1848).
President Young directed this group of newly called missionaries to become self-sufficient, to provide a place of rest and security for travelers between California and Salt Lake City, and to teach the Indians the gospel of Jesus Christ. In the heat of the summer, in June 1855, the missionaries arrived at this site. The mission, intended to be permanent, was the first Anglo-American settlement in Las Vegas Valley.
By summer’s end their irrigated gardens were fort was under construction, and a spirit of producing fresh vegetables and grains. A new cooperation and mutual learning was being established with the native inhabitants. They also discovered a deposit of lead ore in the nearby mountains. More missionaries were sent to smelt the complex ore in large quantities, but the attempt was unsuccessful.
On 23 February 1857 Church leaders sent word to the settlement that the mission was to be disbanded. These early pioneers returned to Utah but left a legacy of faith, devotion, and service shown by their willingness to settle in this hostile environment.
The text above is from a historic marker placed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1997 at Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park at 500 E Washington Avenue in Las Vegas, Nevada


17 Friday Nov 2023
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Las Vegas Old Mormon Fort
(Nevada’s Oldest Building)
Las Vegas had its beginning at this location on June 14, 1855, when thirty-two Mormon missionaries arrived from Utah under the leadership of William Bringhurst. They set to work establishing farm fields that summer, and began to build a 150-foot square adobe fort that September, enclosing eight two-story houses. They cultivated small gardens and fields, planted fruit and shade trees, and tried to convert the local Southern Paiutes.
Most of the Mormons departed in 1857, and by 1865, Octavius Decatur Gass began developing the Las Vegas Rancho, using the adobe structures as headquarters. He farmed and raised beef cattle, supplying travellers and miners in the Potosi region.
Helen J. Stewart, owner of the property from 1882 to 1902, expanded the ranch to 1,800 acres, which she sold to the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad for the Las Vegas townsite. The Company auctioned the land on May 15, 1905, starting the process of building the Las Vegas around you today.
This is Nevada State Historical Marker #35, see others on this page:
– Nevada Historic Markers
Located at Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park at 500 E Washington Avenue in Las Vegas, Nevada.




The Las Vegas Mormon Fort was added to the National Historic Register (#72000764) on February 1, 1972 with a boundary increase (#78003379) on December 12, 1978. The text below is from the nomination form from when it was added to the register:
The Church of the Latter Day Saints was instrumental in the early settlement and development of southern Nevada with the establishment of Mormon colonies. The Las Vegas Mission was the first of these settlements to be established, and was selected by the church to: (1) Raise crops which could not be raised in the colder northern Utah climate; (2) Find new homes for the numerous Mormons coming to Salt Lake Valley area; and (3) To establish a halfway station on the Mormon trail between San Bernardino and Salt Lake. A thirty man mission group left Salt Lake City on May 10, 1855, and arrived in Las Vegas on June 14, 1855. After touring the Las Vegas Valley on horseback, the decision was made to establish the permanent location on the site of the original stopping place, and work was commenced immediately on the Las Vegas Mormon Fort. The fort was located adjacent to one of the two clear streams of water flowing from the nearby Las Vegas springs which nurtured native grasses, and created lush meadows in the valley near the Sunrise Mountain.
The natural oasis of meadow and mesquite forest was the winter homeland of the Paiute Indians, who spent their summers in the Charleston Mountains. The valley and the meadows were first known to the Spanish, who named Las Vegas “The Meadows” and marked it as such on maps of the southwestern desert.
Antonio Armijo stopped at the springs in 1829-30, traveling the route which became known as the Old Spanish Trail. After 1830 the route was traveled by Spanish traders, emigrants and frontiersmen who rested beside the springs. On one of his western exploration trips, John C. Fremont camped here on May 3, 1844.
On about August 3, 1855 the missionaries started to build the walls 14 feet high, two feet thick at the bottom, and one foot at the top. The adobe fort, enclosed eight two-story houses. Outside the fort the missionaries cultivated small gardens and fields, two and one half acres being assigned to each of the party; they planted fruit and shade trees, and established friendly relations with the Paiutes. Near the fort was also built the first smelter west of the Missouri River. This was used by the Mormons in their Potosi lead-silver mine venture.
After the Mormons departed in 1858, called back £o Utah by their leader Brigham Young, Octavius Decatur Gass established the Las Vegas Rancho, using the adobe structures as headquarters. He farmed 800 acres in field crops, orchards, and grazed many cattle, supplying produce to miners and travelers.
In 1882 the Archibald Stewart family bought the ranch. Soon thereafter Mr. Stewart was killed in a feud with one of his neighbors. Mrs. Stewart, with children, continued to operate the ranch as an oasis in the desert, expanding it, from 800 acres to 1,800 acres. For 20 years Helen J. Stewart was known as a gracious, intelligent hostess to those who traveled the southwest. She exemplified the best of pioneer characteristics Initiative, determination, steadfastness, plus compassion for “those less fortunate. Her story ranks equally well with that of the earlier Mormon missionaries.
Mrs. Stewart sold her ranch in 190^ to the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company for the Las Vegas townsite, which was auctioned in lots to buyers on May 18, 1905, starting contemporary Las Vegas.
A further note of interest, on January 10, 1856, the Las Vegas Mission was notified by the U.S. Post Office Department that the town would henceforth be known as Bringhurst, New Mexico Territory, and thus the7 Las Vegas Mormon Fort became the first Las Vegas post-office building. Las Vegas became a portion of the territory of Arizona, and finally became a part of Nevada on January 18, 1867, the state then firming up what are today’s boundaries of Nevada.
A note about Fort Baker. Fort Baker was apparently a fort in name only. It was a name assigned to the Las Vegas area, as a diversionary tactic during the Civil War in an effort to divert the attention of Confederate spies and sympathizers in California from the real objectives of getting Col. James H. Charleston’s command of the 1st California Volunteers across Arizona to New Mexico (Los Pinos). Information was released to the effect that a portion of the command would be assigned to Fort Yuma, Arizona. Three companies of infantry would go to Fort Mojave, Arizona, and one company of infantry and three of cavalry would go to Fort Baker at Las Vegas, at that time also in Arizona Territory. In reality, none of Carleton’s command ever reached, or served at Mojave or Baker nor was it designed that they should.
The fort as Las Vegas retains the name “Mormon Fort” as it was built by the Mormons assigned to the Las Vegas Mission, and was used by them as a fort during their sojourn at Las Vegas, 1855-1858.
Another note of significance, Las Vegas Mormon Fort is the oldest inhabited building in Nevada today.